Cannabinoid - Revision history

Adm1n at 21:51, 27 January 2015

2015-01-27T21:51:49Z

Adm1n at 21:46, 26 January 2015

2015-01-26T21:46:19Z

Adm1n at 12:32, 26 January 2015

2015-01-26T12:32:48Z

Adm1n at 12:32, 26 January 2015

2015-01-26T12:32:12Z

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Adm1n: Created page with "Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds unique to cannabis that act upon the human body's cannabinoid receptors, producing various effects including pain relief and other medi..."

2015-01-22T06:29:05Z

Created page with "Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds unique to cannabis that act upon the human body's cannabinoid receptors, producing various effects including pain relief and other medi..."

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Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds unique to cannabis that act upon the human body's cannabinoid receptors, producing various effects including pain relief and other medically beneficial uses. Marijuana's most well-known cannabanoid is [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] ([[THC]]) due to the fact that it is the most abundant, and also because it produces the psychoactive effects (or the "high") that drives the plant's recreational use. However, there are over 85 known cannabinoids all with varying effects, so THC isn't the only one.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:51, 27 January 2015
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−	Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors on cells that repress neurotransmitter release in the brain. Ligands for these receptor proteins include the endocannabinoids (produced naturally in the body by humans and animals), the phytocannabinoids (found in cannabis and some other plants), and synthetic cannabinoids (manufactured artificially). The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC), the primary psychoactive compound of cannabis. Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of the plant. There are at least 85 different cannabinoids isolated from cannabis, exhibiting varied effects.	+	Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors on cells that repress neurotransmitter release in the brain. Ligands for these receptor proteins include the endocannabinoids (produced naturally in the body by humans and animals), the phytocannabinoids (found in cannabis and some other plants), and synthetic cannabinoids (manufactured artificially). The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound of cannabis. Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of the plant. There are at least 85 different cannabinoids isolated from cannabis, exhibiting varied effects.

	Synthetic cannabinoids encompass a variety of distinct chemical classes: the classical cannabinoids structurally related to THC, the nonclassical cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) including the aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and arylsulfonamides, as well as eicosanoids related to the endocannabinoids.		Synthetic cannabinoids encompass a variety of distinct chemical classes: the classical cannabinoids structurally related to THC, the nonclassical cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) including the aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and arylsulfonamides, as well as eicosanoids related to the endocannabinoids.

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 '''Cannabinoid receptor type 1'''
-[[CB1 receptors]] are found primarily in the brain, more specifically in the basal ganglia and in the limbic system, including the hippocampus. They are also found in the cerebellum and in both male and female reproductive systems. CB1 receptors are absent in the medulla oblongata, the part of the brain stem responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Thus, there is not the risk of respiratory or cardiovascular failure that can be produced by some drugs. CB1 receptors appear to be responsible for the euphoric and anticonvulsive effects of cannabis.
+CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, more specifically in the basal ganglia and in the limbic system, including the hippocampus. They are also found in the cerebellum and in both male and female reproductive systems. CB1 receptors are absent in the medulla oblongata, the part of the brain stem responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Thus, there is not the risk of respiratory or cardiovascular failure that can be produced by some drugs. CB1 receptors appear to be responsible for the euphoric and anticonvulsive effects of cannabis.
 '''Cannabinoid receptor type 2'''
-[[CB2 receptors]] are predominantly found in the immune system, or immune-derived cells with the greatest density in the spleen. While found only in the peripheral nervous system, a report does indicate that CB2 is expressed by a subpopulation of microglia in the human cerebellum. CB2 receptors appear to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and possibly other therapeutic effects of cannabis.
+CB2 receptors are predominantly found in the immune system, or immune-derived cells with the greatest density in the spleen. While found only in the peripheral nervous system, a report does indicate that CB2 is expressed by a subpopulation of microglia in the human cerebellum. CB2 receptors appear to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and possibly other therapeutic effects of cannabis.
 '''Phytocannabinoids'''
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 All classes derive from cannabigerol-type compounds and differ mainly in the way this precursor is cyclized.[10] The classical cannabinoids are derived from their respective 2-carboxylic acids (2-COOH) by decarboxylation (catalyzed by heat, light, or alkaline conditions).
-[[CBG]](Cannabigerol)
+CBG  (Cannabigerol)
-[[CBC]] (Cannabichromene)
+CBC  (Cannabichromene)
-[[CBL]] (Cannabicyclol)
+CBL  (Cannabicyclol)
-[[CBV]] (Cannabivarin)
+CBV  (Cannabivarin)
-[[THCV]] (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
+THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
-[[CBDV]] (Cannabidivarin)
+CBDV (Cannabidivarin)
-[[CBCV]] (Cannabichromevarin)
+CBCV (Cannabichromevarin)
-[[CBGV]] (Cannabigerovarin)
+CBGV (Cannabigerovarin)
-[[CBGM]] (Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether)
+CBGM (Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether)
 '''etrahydrocannabinol'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 26 January 2015
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	Synthetic cannabinoids are used recreationally and present significant health dangers to users. In the period of 2012 through 2014, over 10,000 contacts to poison control centers in the United States were related to use of synthetic cannabinoids.		Synthetic cannabinoids are used recreationally and present significant health dangers to users. In the period of 2012 through 2014, over 10,000 contacts to poison control centers in the United States were related to use of synthetic cannabinoids.
−
−	~~Medications containing natural or synthetic cannabinoids or cannabinoid analogs:~~
−
−	~~Dronabinol (Marinol), is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol ([[THC]]), used as an appetite stimulant, anti-emetic, and analgesic~~
−	~~Nabilone (Cesamet, Canemes), a synthetic cannabinoid and an analog of Marinol. It is Schedule II unlike Marinol, which is Schedule III~~
−	~~Rimonabant (SR141716), a selective cannabinoid ([[CB1]]) receptor inverse agonist once used as an anti-obesity drug under the proprietary name Acomplia. It was also used for smoking cessation~~
−	~~Other notable[why?] synthetic cannabinoids include:~~
−
−	JWH-018, a potent synthetic cannabinoid agonist discovered by John W. Huffman at Clemson University. It is being increasingly sold in legal smoke blends collectively known as "spice". Several countries and states have moved to ban it legally.
−	~~JWH-073~~
−	~~CP-55940, produced in 1974, this synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist is many times more potent than THC.~~
−	~~Dimethylheptylpyra n~~
−	~~HU-210, about 100 times as potent as THC~~
−	~~HU-331 a potential anti-cancer drug derived from cannabidiol that specifically inhibits topoisomerase II.~~
−	~~SR144528, a CB2 receptor antagonist~~
−	~~WIN 55,212-2, a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist~~
−	~~JWH-133, a potent selective CB2 receptor agonist~~
−	~~Levonantradol (Nantrodolum), an anti-emetic and analgesic but not currently in use in medicine~~
−	~~AM-2201, a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist~~